ABSTRACT
MAIN RESULTS: An outbreak of illness compatible with scurvy occurred among male prison inmates; most frequent signs/symptoms were edema and pain in lower limbs, difficulty in walking and hematoma/ecchymosis; the associated factor was age > 40 years. IMPLICATIONS FOR SERVICES: The results can contribute to the identification and description of scurvy outbreaks in other contexts and territories. Epidemiological studies of events like this enhance the practice of field epidemiology in health services. PERSPECTIVES: It is expected that the prevention of hypovitaminosis, such as scurvy, will be based on public policies aimed at the population deprived of liberty; and that the capabilities of health services to detect and respond to cases of the disease will be improved. OBJECTIVE: to identify the occurrence of an outbreak compatible with scurvy and exposure factors associated with typical signs/symptoms of hypovitaminosis that occurred in a male penitentiary in Ceará, Brazil between 2019-2020. METHODS: this was a population-based case-control study; we used clinical records and interviews with compatible cases - based on sign/symptom onset during the study period - and with controls; we carried out multivariate analysis. RESULTS: out of 62 cases, mean age was 40.6 years (SD = 10.8); main signs/symptoms were edema and pain in the lower limbs (100.0%), difficulty in walking (91.9%), hematoma/ecchymosis in the lower limbs (90.3%) and fever (88.7%); we identified being over 40 years old as an associated factor (aOR = 1.10; 95%CI 1.05;1.17; p-value = 0.001); and as protective factors: working (aOR = 0.11; 95%CI 0.03;0.36; p-value < 0.001) and taking part in classes (aOR = 0.21; 95%CI 0.08;0.59; p-value = 0.003) in the prison. CONCLUSION: we considered the penitentiary outbreak to be compatible with scurvy due to characteristic signs/symptoms, associated with the identified factors; we recommended regular provision of a diet rich in vitamin C to all male inmates and clinical follow-up of cases.
Subject(s)
Scurvy , Humans , Male , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Scurvy/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Prisons , Ecchymosis , Disease Outbreaks , Hematoma , PainABSTRACT
Objetivo: identificar ocorrência de surto compatível com escorbuto e fatores de exposição associados aos sinais/sintomas típicos de hipovitaminose, em penitenciária masculina, Ceará, Brasil, 2019-2020. Métodos: estudo de caso-controle populacional; foram utilizados registros clínicos e entrevistas com casos compatíveis - sinais/sintomas iniciados no período - e com controles; realizou-se análise multivariável. Resultados: 62 casos; idade média de 40,6 anos (DP = 10,8); principais sinais/sintomas foram edema e dor em membros inferiores (100,0%), dificuldade para deambular (91,9%), hematoma/equimose em membros inferiores (90,3%), febre (88,7%); identificou-se, como fator de exposição, média de idade > 40 anos (ORa = 1,10; IC95% 1,05;1,17; p-valor = 0,001); e como fatores protetores, trabalho (ORa = 0,11; IC95% 0,03;0,36; p-valor < 0,001) e participação em aulas (ORa = 0,21; IC95% 0,08;0,59; p-valor = 0,003) dentro da penitenciária. Conclusão: surto da penitenciária compatível com escorbuto pelos sinais/sintomas característicos, associados aos fatores identificados; recomendou-se oferta regular de dieta rica em vitamina C para todos os internos e acompanhamento clínico dos casos.
Objective: to identify the occurrence of an outbreak compatible with scurvy and exposure factors associated with typical signs/symptoms of hypovitaminosis that occurred in a male penitentiary in Ceará, Brazil between 2019-2020. Methods: this was a population-based case-control study; we used clinical records and interviews with compatible cases - based on sign/symptom onset during the study period - and with controls; we carried out multivariate analysis. Results: out of 62 cases, mean age was 40.6 years (SD = 10.8); main signs/symptoms were edema and pain in the lower limbs (100.0%), difficulty in walking (91.9%), hematoma/ecchymosis in the lower limbs (90.3%) and fever (88.7%); we identified being over 40 years old as an associated factor (aOR = 1.10; 95%CI 1.05;1.17; p-value = 0.001); and as protective factors: working (aOR = 0.11; 95%CI 0.03;0.36; p-value < 0.001) and taking part in classes (aOR = 0.21; 95%CI 0.08;0.59; p-value = 0.003) in the prison. Conclusion: we considered the penitentiary outbreak to be compatible with scurvy due to characteristic signs/symptoms, associated with the identified factors; we recommended regular provision of a diet rich in vitamin C to all male inmates and clinical follow-up of cases.
Objetivo: identificar la ocurrencia del brote compatible con escorbuto y los factores de exposición asociados con signos/síntomas típicos de hipovitaminosis que ocurrieron en una penitenciaría masculina en Ceará, Brasil entre 2019-2020. Métodos: estudio poblacional de casos y controles; se utilizaron historias clínicas y entrevistas con casos compatibles, con inicio de signos/síntomas durante el período de estudio, y controles; se realizó análisis multivariable. Resultados: de los 62 casos, edad media fue 40,6 años (DE = 10,8); principales signos/síntomas fueron edema y dolor en miembros inferiores (100,0%), dificultad para caminar (91,9%), hematoma/equimosis en miembros inferiores (90,3%) y fiebre (88,7%); la edad mayor de 40 años se identificó como factor asociado (ORa = 1,10; IC95% 1,05;1,17; p-valor = 0,001); y como factores protectores: trabajo (ORa = 0,11; IC95% 0,03;0,36; p-valor< 0,001) y participación en clases (ORa = 0,21; IC95% 0,08;0,59; p-valor = 0,003) dentro del centro penitenciario. Conclusión: el brote en centro penitenciario fue considerado compatible con escorbuto debido a los signos/síntomas característicos, asociados a los factores identificados; se recomendó oferta regular de dieta rica en vitamina C a todos los internos y seguimiento clínico de los casos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Ascorbic Acid Deficiency/diagnosis , Scurvy/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Prisoners , Avitaminosis/diagnosis , Brazil , Field EpidemiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe COVID-19 hospitalized health worker cases in Brazil. METHODS: This was a descriptive case series study; it included cases that became ill between February 21st and April 15th, 2020 registered on the Influenza Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe, acronym in Portuguese). RESULTS: Of the 184 cases, 110 (59.8%) were female and median age was 44 years (min-max: 23-85); 89 (48.4%) were nursing professionals and 50 (27.2%) were doctors. Ninety-two (50.0%) presented comorbidity, with heart disease predominating (n=37; 40.2%). Of the 112 professionals with a record of case progression, 85 (75.9%) were cured and 27 (24.1%) died, 18 of whom were male. CONCLUSION: The profile of COVID-19 hospitalized health workers is similar to that of the general population with regard to age and comorbidities, but different in relation to sex. The most affected areas were nursing and medicine.
Subject(s)
Betacoronavirus , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brazil/epidemiology , COVID-19 , Comorbidity , Coronavirus Infections/mortality , Disease Progression , Female , Heart Diseases/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Medical Staff/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged , Nursing Staff/statistics & numerical data , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/mortality , SARS-CoV-2 , Sex Distribution , Time Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
Objective. Describing the COVID-19 hospitalization in health professionals in Brazil. Methods. Serial cases descriptive study; we included the cases with illness between February 21st and April 15th, 2020; registered in Flu Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe, in Brazilian acronym). Results. From the 184 (1.76%) cases, 110 (59.8%) were female, with a median age of 44 years (min-max: 23-85). Of the 184, 89 (48.4%) are nursing professionals and 50 (27.2%) are doctors. Still, 92 (50.0%) presented comorbidity, with heart disease predominating (n = 37; 40.2%). Of the 112 professionals with a record of evolution, 85 (75.9%) were cured and 27 (24.1%) died, 18 (66.7%) of whom were male. Conclusion. The profile descripted is similar to the population's in age and comorbidities, but different in relation to sex. The most affected areas were nursing and medicine.
Objetivo. Descrever os casos hospitalizados pela COVID-19 em profissionais de saúde no Brasil. Métodos. Estudo descritivo de tipo Série de Casos; foram incluídos aqueles com adoecimento entre 21 de fevereiro e 15 de abril de 2020, registrados no Sistema de Informação de Vigilância da Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe). Resultados. Dos 184 casos, 110 (59,8%) eram do sexo feminino, com mediana de idade de 44 anos (mínima-máxima: 23-85), 89 (48,4%) eram profissionais da enfermagem e 50 (27,2%) médicos. Ainda, 92 (50,0%) apresentavam comorbidade, predominando cardiopatias (n=37; 40,2%). Dos 112 profissionais com registro de evolução, 85 (75,9%) alcançaram cura e 27 (24,1%) foram a óbito, 18 destes do sexo masculino. Conclusão. O perfil dos profissionais de saúde hospitalizados por COVID-19 é semelhante ao da população quanto à idade e comorbidades; porém, diferente quanto ao sexo. As áreas profissionais mais acometidas foram a Enfermagem e a Medicina.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Descrever os casos hospitalizados pela COVID-19 em profissionais de saúde no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo descritivo de tipo série de casos; foram incluídos aqueles com adoecimento entre 21 de fevereiro e 15 de abril de 2020, registrados no Sistema de Informação de Vigilância da Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe). Resultados: Dos 184 casos, 110 (59,8%) eram do sexo feminino, com mediana de idade de 44 anos (mínima-máxima: 23-85); 89 (48,4%) eram profissionais da enfermagem e 50 (27,2%) eram médicos. Ainda, 92 (50,0%) apresentavam comorbidade, predominando cardiopatias (n=37; 40,2%). Dos 112 profissionais com registro de evolução, 85 (75,9%) alcançaram cura e 27 (24,1%) foram a óbito, 18 destes do sexo masculino. Conclusão: O perfil dos profissionais de saúde hospitalizados por COVID-19 é semelhante ao da população quanto à idade e comorbidades; porém, diferente quanto ao sexo. As áreas profissionais mais acometidas foram a enfermagem e a medicina.
Objetivo: Describir los casos hospitalizados por COVID-19 en profesionales de salud, en Brasil. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo del tipo serie de casos; se incluyeron aquellos que enfermaron entre el 21 de febrero y el 15 de abril de 2020, registrados en el Sistema de Información de Vigilancia de la Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe). Resultados: De los 184 (1,76%) casos 110 (59,8%) eran del sexo femenino, con promedio de edad de 44 años (mínima-máxima: 23-85), 89 (48,4%) eran profesionales de enfermería y 50 (27,2%) médicos. Además, 92 (50,0%) presentaron comorbilidad, predominando las cardiopatías (n=37; 40,2%). De los 112 profesionales con un historial de evolución, 85 (75,9%) fueron curados y 27 (24,1%) murieron, 18 de los cuales era de sexo masculino. Conclusión: El perfil de los hospitalizados por COVID-19 es similar al de la población en edad y comorbilidades, aunque diferente con relación a sexo. Las áreas más afectadas fueron la enfermería y la medicina.
Objective: To describe COVID-19 hospitalized health worker cases in Brazil. Methods: This was a descriptive case series study; it included cases that became ill between February 21st and April 15th, 2020 registered on the Influenza Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe, acronym in Portuguese). Results: Of the 184 cases, 110 (59.8%) were female and median age was 44 years (min-max: 23-85); 89 (48.4%) were nursing professionals and 50 (27.2%) were doctors. Ninety-two (50.0%) presented comorbidity, with heart disease predominating (n=37; 40.2%). Of the 112 professionals with a record of case progression, 85 (75.9%) were cured and 27 (24.1%) died, 18 of whom were male. Conclusion: The profile of COVID-19 hospitalized health workers is similar to that of the general population with regard to age and comorbidities, but different in relation to sex. The most affected areas were nursing and medicine.
